<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ags:resources xmlns:ags="http://purl.org/agmes/1.1/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:agls="http://www.naa.gov.au/recordkeeping/gov_online/agls/1.2" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[Political Negotiation, Principles, and Purposes: Rereading the Biography of the Holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH)  (Case study: Treaty of Hudaybiyyah)]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Ghasemi Shub, Mohammad]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Shahroodi, Mohammad reza]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Ayazi, Seyed Mohammad Ali]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Political Negotiation]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[the Biography of the Holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH)]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Mutually Beneficial Agreement]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Political negotiation is an effective method to conciliate conflicts peacefully. This rational action plays a critical role for both sides in achieving their purposes and interests. However, there is disagreement about the negotiation and its restrictions, based on different interpretations of political views in the religious and biographical texts about the Holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH). The treaty of Hudaybiyyah is a political event that could provide us with some information about the political views of the Holy Prophet of Islam. In this article, based on the authentic historical sources about the biography of the Holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH), by the method of content analysis, his principles in negotiation are presented as a triple: intellectual, behavioral, and verbal instructions. In conclusion, the essential negotiation purposes are a mutually beneficial agreement, preparation for the realization of divine ideals, and acceptance of the Islamic government.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78002_f7ae7e0c53e26ce64a188ff91b9590fd.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.302593.654138]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[The Economic History of Ṭabaristān in the Islamic Civilization (until the end of 4th-Century A.H): Regional Advantages and the Status of Jobs]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Hayati, Mohammad]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Roodgar, Ghanbarali]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Alemzadeh, Hadi]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Economic history of Ṭabaristān/ Māzandarān]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Agricultural history of Māzandarān]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[History of business in Māzandarān]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Caspian Sea]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Māzandarān Products]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[During the Islamic era, the region of Ṭabaristān or Māzandarān, located in the north of Iran. Its unique regional and natural advantages, including humid climate, fertile soil, dense forests, and the proximity to the sea make this region an appropriate region for agriculture, production of crops and fruits, and the development of some jobs such as fishing. In this paper, based on ancient sources, the authors have tried to survey the economic situation of Ṭabaristān in the early Islamic centuries. The main questions of this survey are how these regional advantages affect the economy of Ṭabaristān? And what kind of jobs and handicrafts were developed in this situation? The findings from the research show the flourishment of particular handicrafts such as weaving carpets, local rug, and mat, Also a range of textile and wooden handicrafts in Ṭabaristān. Besides, in this period, we can see a connection between many jobs related to agricultural products, mineral materials, aerobic organisms, and marine animals.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78003_e713665ca94f2ef37183dc79ce40be9c.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.269559.653954]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[Jewish Reactions in Iraq and Levant against Arab Invasion]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Alibeigi, Hossein]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Bahrami, Ruhollah]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Islam]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Jews]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Iraq]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Levant]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[the Muslim conquest]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The Muslim conquest of Iraq and Levant provoked the response of various political and religious groups, including Zoroastrians, Christians, and Jews. In this article, we try to study the reactions of Jewish inhabitants of Iraq and Levant during this period. Findings of this research, which are based on a descriptive-analytic approach, show that during the Muslim conquests, Jews, in accordance with their conditions and location, pursued different strategies including war, resistance during the long periods of the blockade, reconciliation, and cooperation. Jews had almost the same situation in the Muslim community as Christians. They were allowed to be in society by paying Jizya to the Islamic State.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78005_00f97518380ebe217cb906da1046c8c5.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.279417.653998]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating the Reflection of Ethnic, Religious, and Political Orientations in Geographic Texts: A Case Study of Al-Kitāb Al-Masālik Wa L-Mamālik by al-Iṣṭakhrī and Kitāb Aḥsan al-Taqāsīm by al-Maqdisī]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Ebadi, Sobheh]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Azarnoosh, Azartash]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Bayat, Ali]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[al-Iṣṭakhrī]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[al-Maqdisī]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[ethnic orientation]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Religious Orientation]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Political orientation]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Arabic Nationalism]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Iranian nationalism]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Historical anthropogeographical Books contain valuable information about the social, cultural, and historical aspects of human life. In these documents, Muslim geographers described the social situation, morality, customs, religious and political situation of the people in various regions of Islamic civilization. The descriptions of al-Iṣṭakhrī and al-Maqdisī, two prominent 4th-century Muslim geographers, in mentioning the geographic-historical facts, have been influenced by their ethnic, religious, and political tendencies. This article tries to investigate various cases of such tendencies in a descriptive-analytical way, in order to show that the geographic and historical evidence should always be taken into account cautiously and should never be cited without proper evaluation, refinement, and criticism.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78006_dc8fcaa1a3027c7455ddd1ca48f35290.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.264925.653929]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[An Analytical-Critical Study on the Historical Documents of the Shadow Play
in the Islamic Land; A Case Study of Levant and Egypt]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Ishraqi, Fatima]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Ganji, Narges]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[folk show]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[shadow play]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Islamic civilization]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[historical documents]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Shadow play is a type of folk show which has a long history in Islamic civilization. Given that historians did not pay any attention to folk arts, it is no wonder that we do not have any comprehensive research on this dramatic art yet. In this research, we try to study the background of the shadow play in the Islamic civilization, to disclose the hitherto unremarked facts about this dramatic art. This research is based on the historical resources and documents, as well as criticizing the results of previous researchers. The Research findings indicate that the eldest historical evidence in the history of the shadow play goes back to 8th century AD. which is an extract of a poem by Abū Nūwās. This evidence was absent from researches on the subject until now. We also realized that art had been prevalent in these lands, especially during Fatimid and Mamluk periods in Egypt. Besides, we noticed that "khayāl" was a general term in dramatic literature, which signifies imitation but can also refer to shadow play or marionette show. It seems that the various meanings of this term have confused many researchers.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78008_2d27074dfa3a258a9467051e4956d354.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.291025.654073]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[A Half-Century of Samanid's Ruling over Qazvin City]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Heravi, Javad]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[qazvin]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Samanid]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Alawites of Tabarestan]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Daylamites]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Ray city]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Samanid had control of Qazvin since 287 A.H. until the last attempt to recapture Qazvin in 335 A.H. They wanted to have control of this region for three purposes: 1- As a pretext for confronting the Alawites' forces; 2- to support Caliph Abbasid in suppressing the oppositions 3- the military ability of Ismail Samani. because of the internal vulnerability of the government, it was only possible to strengthen the Daylamites to keep Qazvin under control. In the beginning, they consolidated the Samanids' power in the west of Khorasan and it was satisfying for the Abbasids. But after a short while, they became political-military Samanid's contenders as Ziyarids and Buyids. The coincidence between the Daylamites power and the weakness of the Samanids led to the fall of Qazvin and some other central parts of Iran.  Samanids never recaptured Qazvin until 395 A.H. In this paper we will investigate A half-century of Samanid's Ruling over Qazvin city during which Samanid governed Qazvin democratically.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78009_5903155fb465dc2be8bb059d457eae85.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.289299.654065]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[A Critical Analysis of the Historical-Intellectual Relationship between Ikhwān Al-Ṣafā and ʾIsmāʿīlīyah]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Jalali, Alireza]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Ikhwan al-Safa]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Rasā'il]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Ismailia]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Orientalists]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Abu HayyanTohidi]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The authors of the Rasā'il Ikhwān Al-Ṣafā (The Epistles of the Brethren of Purity) never mentioned their names, so their identity is unknown. There has been much speculation concerning their association with some sects and religions, especially the ʾIsmāʿīlīyah. For a long time, the Ismailis believed that Rasā'il was written by Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl, one of the leaders of the group. Some recent orientalists also attribute the Rasā'il to ʾIsmāʿīlīyah. In this study, using a descriptive-analytic method, first, we give a brief introduction to the Rasā'il, and we discuss the arguments of those who attribute Rasā'il to ʾIsmāʿīlīyah. Then we evaluate the arguments of the opposite side, the scholars who don't see a relationship between Rasā'il and ʾIsmāʿīlīyah. The implicit evidence and reference to Arabic and Persian poems in Rasā'il challenge severely the idea of those who attribute the authorship of the work to Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl. On the other hand, Ikhwān Al-Ṣafā's attitude towards other religions and sects, which shows a high degree of tolerance is not in accordance with the Ismaili views. The historical evidence such as the report of Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī, al-Sijistānī, al-Qifṭī, and Ibn al-Nadīm, besides two centuries of ignoring Ikhwān Al-Ṣafā by Ismaili authors, raise some doubts on attributing the authorship of Rasā'il to ʾIsmāʿīlīyah.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78011_192d72c812fd50651ee64c93e122c52f.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.294649.654099]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[The Attitude of Mustuwfī Bāfqī in the Book Tārīkh-i Bahrām Mīrzā]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Abuei Mahrizi, Mohammadreza]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Mostowfi Bafqi]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Tārīkh-i Bahrām Mīrzā]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Mirak Nezami]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Prince Bahram Mirza]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[The Safavids]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The Book Tārīkh-i Bahrām Mīrzā is not so well-known in comparison to other works of Muhammad Mufīd Mustuwfī Bāfqī. In this book, he describes the biography of Bahrām Mīrzā and his children. The unique manuscript of this book is preserved in Mashhad, Astan Quds Razavi Library. This article tries to compare the content of the book with other sources and texts of the same period. In writing the book, Bāfqī has been inspired by the works of his grandfather, known as Mīrak Neẓāmī. Tārīkh-i Bahrām Mīrzā is the only remaining historical source of the Safavid era, which independently recorded the history of another branch of the Shah Isma'il descendants, other than the majestic branch of Shah Tahmasp, i.e. the family of Bahrām Mīrzā.  In compiling his work, Bāfqī made use of the renowned historical texts of the time, such as Ḥabīb al-siyar and Tārīkh-e ʿālamārā-yi ʿAbbāsī, but some of its information is totally original.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78012_a82ce271f821f3a4aaf20136efc680ab.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.279864.654001]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[The Educational Status of Madrasah Biyhaqīyyah in the Islamic Civilization]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Fallahpour, Elham]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Sepehri, Mohammad]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Nishapur]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Samanids]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Neyshabur]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Islamic civilization]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Educational Institutions]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Madrasah Biyhaqīyyah]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The Samanids era is a prolific period in the scientific and cultural history of Iran, regarding the great flourishing of Khorasan in this time. Some of the Iranian scientific and cultural figures of Iran, such as Avicenna, Biruni, and Rhazes were supported directly or indirectly by the Samanid dynasty. In this period, the independent educational institutions, called Madrasah, were established in major Khurasan cities like Bukhara and
Nishapur, by the support of the Samanid kings and ministers. One of these schools was the Madrasah Biyhaqīyyah in Nishapur. Abu aḷ-Ḥasan Muhammad ibn Šuʿayb ibn Ibrāhīm Beyhaqī Neyšābūrī (D. 935 AD), one of the leaders of the Shafiʽi school, founded this school with the purpose of Shafi'i jurisprudents education. During the 4th and 5th centuries AH, before the establishment of Madrasah Nizamiyyah, this school was a center for the education of students and activities of Sufis. This research attempts to study the role of Madrasah Biyhaqīyyah in the development of knowledge.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78013_f75e0959b0f5f830177b4cf6005e2404.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.264254.653926]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[Transfer of Printing Technology to Iran in the Early Qajar Period (1233-1261)]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Khoshzad, Akbar]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Moghadam Heidari, Gholamhossein]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Technology transfer]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[printing technology]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Qajar Period]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Abbas Mirza]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Printing technology is one of the most important human inventions. Four centuries after Gutenberg's press invention, this technology was eventually transferred to Iran by Abbas Mirza during the Qajar era. After a review of the history of printing technology, this article tries to study the transfer and implementation of printing technology from early Qajar kings to Nasser al-Din Shah. The development of printing technology in Iran, its influence on economics, and  Iranian approaches towards printing as new technology have been studied in this article.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78014_676416701f478121928d156c51d4e842.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.297629.654111]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[A Review of Fr. John Thaddeus of S. Elisaeus's Mission in Safavid Iran]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Fooladi-Panah, Azam]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Khezri, Ahmadreza]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Fr. John Thaddeus of S. Elisaeus]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Carmelite missionaries]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Shah Abbas I]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Evangelism]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Foreign Relations]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The activities of Europeans and European ambassadors during the rule of the Safavid dynasty in Iran are a pivotal subject in the Safavid historical studies. Among these Europeans, Father John Thaddeus, the Vatican's ambassador who arrived in Isfahan in 1607, during the reign of King Abbas I, in the company of several Carmelite priests, was well-known and influential. During the 19 years of residence in Iran, this Spanish priest was King Abbas's confidant. The king sent him as his envoy to the Tsarist Russian court and the Kingdom of Poland. This aim of this article is to study John Thaddeus' activity during his long-term residency in Iran in his role as Vatican's ambassador and religious missionary at the Safavid court.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78016_2a1e1ee19de798491d81fcb4c2c686ef.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.284937.654028]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[Shi'ism and its Sects in al-Samʿānī's Kitāb al-Ansāb]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Keshiknevis Razavi, Sayyed Kamal]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Ahmadvand, Abbas]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[al-Samʿānī]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Kitāb al-Ansāb]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Seljukids]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Imamiyyah]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Zaydiyyah]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Genealogy books]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[History of Islamic Sects]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Genealogy books are valuable sources for writing the history, particularly the history of Islamic sects. Kitāb al-Ansāb by al-Samʿānī (1113-1166 AD) is an influential work in this tradition. In this article, we attempt to analyze al-Samʿānī accounts of Shiites' situation in his era of political turmoil and the numerous sectarian clashes. Despite the anti-Shiite policy of the Seljuks, this century was the opportunity for the expansion of Shiite views. al-Samʿānī expresses strong concerns about the influence of these beliefs on ordinary people and government. Among the Shiite sects, he focuses mainly on the two major ones of his time, the Imamiyyah and the Zaydiyyah. However, he was in contact with Shiites but still, his reports on Shiite divisions are mostly based on previous predominant accepted images of Shi'ism.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78017_e492d00c9abf6091c92dd4bd1bd49bca.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.289667.654068]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[Ktâbâ d-rêš mellê (Summary history of the world) by John bar Penkaye: A Historical Report of the Seventh Century AD]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Sedginejad, Hamid]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2020]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[John bar Penkaye]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Summary history of the world]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Nestorian church]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[church of the east]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Syriac]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[John bar Penkaye was a member of the Nestorian Church in the seven-century AD. He witnessed the Arab invasion of Byzantium and the fall of the Sassanids, the interaction between Christians and Arabs, the plague and the famine in late seventh-century Syria.He considered Arabs as God's revenge for Sassanid's harassment against  Christians. On the other hand, from the very beginning, he provoked conflict within Muslims (referring to the war between the Umayyads and the family of the Prophet) in order to restore the honor of Christians.The book Summary history of the world is the only extant complete book by John bar Penkaye. The book, written in Syriac, begins with human creation and ends with world domination by Arabs. The book content is unique because not even its author is a non-Muslim but its style is dissimilar to regular history books of his era.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_78022_98955305f0cdfaeb394878de73af73d4.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jhic.2020.310448.654182]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>

</ags:resources>