University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization 2228-7906 52 2 2020 02 20 IrIranianism and Shiism of Ḳāḍīzade Ardebīlī in the Ottoman historiography During the I Salim (1512- 1520 AD) IrIranianism and Shiism of Ḳāḍīzade Ardebīlī in the Ottoman historiography During the I Salim (1512- 1520 AD) 203 221 75459 10.22059/jhic.2020.288806.654061 FA Taher Babaei Assistant Prof., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal Article 2019 09 12 Ghazavāt-i sultān salīm khān of Ḳāḍīzade Ardebīlī/ Ghazizade Ardebili is a historical book on the Ottoman invasion of Egypt and Shām and the collaps of the Mamalik (1517 AD). In addition to valuable and reliable information on religious and historiographical aspects, the book reflects its author’s character. The Unique manuscript of this book is located in the Haci Selim Ağa Library in Istanbul. The author who became captive in the battle of chalduran, has implicitly included his national and religious tendencies in his book. This study investigates Ardebīlī’s Iranian and Shiite tendencies in the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century. These tendencies could be identified in the reports related to Iran and its geography, his comments on contemporary Iranian writers, reports on Shia Safavids, and other Shiite symbols in the book. Ghazavāt-i sultān salīm khān of Ḳāḍīzade Ardebīlī/ Ghazizade Ardebili is a historical book on the Ottoman invasion of Egypt and Shām and the collaps of the Mamalik (1517 AD). In addition to valuable and reliable information on religious and historiographical aspects, the book reflects its author’s character. The Unique manuscript of this book is located in the Haci Selim Ağa Library in Istanbul. The author who became captive in the battle of chalduran, has implicitly included his national and religious tendencies in his book. This study investigates Ardebīlī’s Iranian and Shiite tendencies in the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century. These tendencies could be identified in the reports related to Iran and its geography, his comments on contemporary Iranian writers, reports on Shia Safavids, and other Shiite symbols in the book.

https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_75459_1ccfa1b8a027f4bd1a778183ca1f1d61.pdf

University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization 2228-7906 52 2 2020 02 20 An Analytical Study of the Relations of Local Guilani Rulers with Russian and Ottoman Empires An Analytical Study of the Relations of Local Guilani Rulers with Russian and Ottoman Empires 223 242 75460 10.22059/jhic.2020.288348.654059 FA Abbas Panahi Assistant Prof., University of Guilan Journal Article 2019 09 14 At the same time that Safavids rose to power in Persia, Russians’ and Ottomans’ attention drawn to Guilan. Ottoman sultans were interested in the region as well as in Azerbaijan. Russians too sought to usurp the monopoly of trades in the southern and western coasts of the Caspian Sea. The latter nurtured plans for developing and expanding ties with Persians in order to perpetuate their expansionism and reinforce their puissance, both political and military. Russians and Ottomans, therefore, cemented strong ties with the rulers in Guilan to take the region under their influence. Following Shah Abbas’s interest in the region ,however, Russians stopped supporting the rulers and Ottomans chose to keep their friendship with Safavids for the profit that would earn them, despite providing refuge for the Karkiya Khan. The findings suggest that notwithstanding the fact that Russians and Ottomans failed to achieve their political goals through the local rulers in the long term, they contrived, in the short term, to pave the way for the permeation of these empires in the northern and north-western Persia. At the same time that Safavids rose to power in Persia, Russians’ and Ottomans’ attention drawn to Guilan. Ottoman sultans were interested in the region as well as in Azerbaijan. Russians too sought to usurp the monopoly of trades in the southern and western coasts of the Caspian Sea. The latter nurtured plans for developing and expanding ties with Persians in order to perpetuate their expansionism and reinforce their puissance, both political and military. Russians and Ottomans, therefore, cemented strong ties with the rulers in Guilan to take the region under their influence. Following Shah Abbas’s interest in the region ,however, Russians stopped supporting the rulers and Ottomans chose to keep their friendship with Safavids for the profit that would earn them, despite providing refuge for the Karkiya Khan. The findings suggest that notwithstanding the fact that Russians and Ottomans failed to achieve their political goals through the local rulers in the long term, they contrived, in the short term, to pave the way for the permeation of these empires in the northern and north-western Persia.

https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_75460_13a00ddae17d0a36e34acae3455f399e.pdf

University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization 2228-7906 52 2 2020 02 20 The Role of the Vakil al-Dawlah Position in the Afshariyeh and Zandieh Dynasty The Role of the Vakil al-Dawlah Position in the Afshariyeh and Zandieh Dynasty 243 255 75461 10.22059/jhic.2020.283689.654020 FA Mehdi Dehghani Assistant Prof., University of Jiroft 0000-0001-7944-0030 Journal Article 2019 06 24 The Position of attorney in the social and governmental structure of Iran during the Safavid era had a special place. With the collapse of the Safavid government, the abolished Official of vakil al-dawlah was restored by various monarchist claims and gradually gained authority in other civilian, governmental and military occupations. The question of the current research, is: which political-military relations in the Afshariyeh and Zandieh periods led to increasing the role of the office of Wakil al-Dawlah? Using the method of historical research and classification of political-military changes of Afshariyeh and Zandieh periods, the present study analyzes and interprets the features and their effects on the development of the office of Wakil al-Dawlah. The findings of the research show that the office of the vakil al-dawlah played an important role in weakness of the prince's rule as well as the Safavid bureaucracy, but help the growing authority of various claimants of the monarchy. The Position of attorney in the social and governmental structure of Iran during the Safavid era had a special place. With the collapse of the Safavid government, the abolished Official of vakil al-dawlah was restored by various monarchist claims and gradually gained authority in other civilian, governmental and military occupations. The question of the current research, is: which political-military relations in the Afshariyeh and Zandieh periods led to increasing the role of the office of Wakil al-Dawlah? Using the method of historical research and classification of political-military changes of Afshariyeh and Zandieh periods, the present study analyzes and interprets the features and their effects on the development of the office of Wakil al-Dawlah. The findings of the research show that the office of the vakil al-dawlah played an important role in weakness of the prince's rule as well as the Safavid bureaucracy, but help the growing authority of various claimants of the monarchy.

https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_75461_f7f02cd6ff9f77d28a8f14c4cdd175e4.pdf

University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization 2228-7906 52 2 2020 02 20 Comparison of Urban Space Publicness Components in Iranian-Islamic and Western Cities Comparison of Urban Space Publicness Components in Iranian-Islamic and Western Cities 257 288 75462 10.22059/jhic.2020.283025.654016 FA Amirmohammad Ghavimi PhD researcher at Tehran university of art Gholamreza Haghighat Naiini Associate Professor and Faculty member of urban planning-Tehran University of art Fariba Gharaii UAssociate Professor and Faculty member of urban planning-Tehran University of art Mitra Habibi Associate Professor and Faculty member of urban design-Tehran University of ar Journal Article 2019 06 12 The main subject of this article is about two basic issues. Firstly, in finding the basic concepts of urban spaces planning and design, we have rarely been focusing on the characteristics of our traditional cities, and we began to recognize these concepts from Western literature. Secondly, the publicness of urban spaces has been increasingly noticed and challenged by scholars in recent years. Accordingly, and considering the necessity of providing an understanding of the status of the publicness of urban spaces in Iranian cities based on recent discussions, this research is carried out in a descriptive-analytical and comparative method. The main question of this research is that what are the main components of the publicness of urban spaces in Iranian-Islamic cities and western cities, and what are the differences? The findings of this research show that the most basic components of the publicness of urban spaces that have been mentioned in the western literature over the past few decades have existed centuries ago in traditional Iranian-Islamic cities and have been emphasized and implemented even in more detail. The main subject of this article is about two basic issues. Firstly, in finding the basic concepts of urban spaces planning and design, we have rarely been focusing on the characteristics of our traditional cities, and we began to recognize these concepts from Western literature. Secondly, the publicness of urban spaces has been increasingly noticed and challenged by scholars in recent years. Accordingly, and considering the necessity of providing an understanding of the status of the publicness of urban spaces in Iranian cities based on recent discussions, this research is carried out in a descriptive-analytical and comparative method. The main question of this research is that what are the main components of the publicness of urban spaces in Iranian-Islamic cities and western cities, and what are the differences? The findings of this research show that the most basic components of the publicness of urban spaces that have been mentioned in the western literature over the past few decades have existed centuries ago in traditional Iranian-Islamic cities and have been emphasized and implemented even in more detail.

https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_75462_c0ad1493d2020c5336eb5c28769a1f71.pdf

University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization 2228-7906 52 2 2020 02 20 The Role of the Kurds in the Battle of Chaldaran and Its Aftermath The Role of the Kurds in the Battle of Chaldaran and Its Aftermath 289 310 75463 10.22059/jhic.2020.288326.654058 FA Behzad Mafakheri PhD Student, University of Tehran Ahmadreza Khezri Prof., University of Tehran Osman Yousefi Assistant Prof., University of Islamic Denominations Journal Article 2019 09 18 The famous battle of Chalderan (920 AH / 1514 AD) had important consequences, a significant part of which were directed to the Kurdish regions. In this study, while exploring the contexts and factors involved in this battle, the role of the Kurd tribes in the descriptive-analytical manner has been described, and the implications of this battle for both sides and, more importantly, for the Kurdish areas have been explained. The findings of the study show that the Kurds did not play a central role in waging war, but took the Ottoman side in the midst of the battle. The short-term and long-term consequences of this battle have been on the Kurdish regions more than the governments involved. The separation of important parts of the Kurdish areas from the Iranian land, the entry of the Kurdish tribes and their leaders into the Safavid-Ottoman conflicts, the spread of internal disputes between the Kurdish tribes, economic and demographic losses in the Kurdish areas were part of the unfortunate consequences of this struggle for the Kurdish tribes. The famous battle of Chalderan (920 AH / 1514 AD) had important consequences, a significant part of which were directed to the Kurdish regions. In this study, while exploring the contexts and factors involved in this battle, the role of the Kurd tribes in the descriptive-analytical manner has been described, and the implications of this battle for both sides and, more importantly, for the Kurdish areas have been explained. The findings of the study show that the Kurds did not play a central role in waging war, but took the Ottoman side in the midst of the battle. The short-term and long-term consequences of this battle have been on the Kurdish regions more than the governments involved. The separation of important parts of the Kurdish areas from the Iranian land, the entry of the Kurdish tribes and their leaders into the Safavid-Ottoman conflicts, the spread of internal disputes between the Kurdish tribes, economic and demographic losses in the Kurdish areas were part of the unfortunate consequences of this struggle for the Kurdish tribes.

https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_75463_a2aca0b28b582c9948d61a88342d19be.pdf

University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization 2228-7906 52 2 2020 02 20 Iranianism in the Local Historiography of the Naseri Era Iranianism in the Local Historiography of the Naseri Era 311 340 75464 10.22059/jhic.2019.286425.654039 FA Hossein Moftakhari Prof., Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kharazmi University Sohrab Yazdani Associated Prof., Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kharazmi University Javad Abbasi Associated Prof., Department of History, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Javad Shojaei PhD Student, Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kharazmi University Journal Article 2019 08 06 A range of local histories was written in response to a plan enacted by the court and with the purpose of marking Iranian geographical kingdom in the Naseri era. On the one hand, these books indicate the literary traditions of local historiography discourse and reflected regional identities, but on the other hand, with a deeper view in the production of this great project, it should be analyzed as a conscious attempt with a sense of patriotism by the court and cultural elites to record the scope of political realm of the Qajar era under the term of “Iran” as a homeland. Using historical method and descriptive –analytical approach, and relying on historical sources and researches, the present article has been answered the following questions; which factors were the most influential in writing of local histories with Iranianism approach in the Nasri period? What persons and institutions, and with what approach, were involved in the compilation of Iranian local histories? The results show that three historical processes including Literary Return Movement, new scientific developments, and the centralization policy of the Qajar government led to a revision on the idea of Iran as the homeland of Iranians by the court and elites. This transformation resulted in writing local histories, focusing on recording the geographical boundaries of Iran. A range of local histories was written in response to a plan enacted by the court and with the purpose of marking Iranian geographical kingdom in the Naseri era. On the one hand, these books indicate the literary traditions of local historiography discourse and reflected regional identities, but on the other hand, with a deeper view in the production of this great project, it should be analyzed as a conscious attempt with a sense of patriotism by the court and cultural elites to record the scope of political realm of the Qajar era under the term of “Iran” as a homeland. Using historical method and descriptive –analytical approach, and relying on historical sources and researches, the present article has been answered the following questions; which factors were the most influential in writing of local histories with Iranianism approach in the Nasri period? What persons and institutions, and with what approach, were involved in the compilation of Iranian local histories? The results show that three historical processes including Literary Return Movement, new scientific developments, and the centralization policy of the Qajar government led to a revision on the idea of Iran as the homeland of Iranians by the court and elites. This transformation resulted in writing local histories, focusing on recording the geographical boundaries of Iran.

https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_75464_98b603dd311a245559feefb9501b6fd5.pdf

University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization 2228-7906 52 2 2020 02 20 The Role of History in Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid's Theological Conflicts concerning the Battle of Jamel The Role of History in Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid's Theological Conflicts concerning the Battle of Jamel 341 362 75465 10.22059/jhic.2019.289664.654067 FA Leila Najafian Razavi Assistant Professor, Department of History, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Maryam Azizian Assistant Professor, Department of History, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal Article 2019 10 01 The book of al-Jamel was written to prove the legitimacy of Imam 'Ali in the Battle of Jamel. Theological views of Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid's contemporary sects on this event impressed and persuaded him to write about the Battle of Jamel and selecting of historical narratives about it. The question is what intellectual conditions influenced Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid to gathere the narratives of the Jamal and to write this book? Based on the textual analysis of al-Jamal's text, this study shows that Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid was against the two beliefs spreading in the society of the legitimacy of the performance of Companions of the Prophet at the head of the two armies as well as the theory of “Legitimate heads/ Illegitimate companions”. He wrote his work on three axes: the explicit deviation of Jamel fighters from the orders of the Islamic religion; their insistence on war, their rejection of ijtihad and their repentance; the virtues and supereminence of Imam 'Ali. The book of al-Jamel was written to prove the legitimacy of Imam 'Ali in the Battle of Jamel. Theological views of Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid's contemporary sects on this event impressed and persuaded him to write about the Battle of Jamel and selecting of historical narratives about it. The question is what intellectual conditions influenced Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid to gathere the narratives of the Jamal and to write this book? Based on the textual analysis of al-Jamal's text, this study shows that Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid was against the two beliefs spreading in the society of the legitimacy of the performance of Companions of the Prophet at the head of the two armies as well as the theory of “Legitimate heads/ Illegitimate companions”. He wrote his work on three axes: the explicit deviation of Jamel fighters from the orders of the Islamic religion; their insistence on war, their rejection of ijtihad and their repentance; the virtues and supereminence of Imam 'Ali.

https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_75465_b79de4777e850fb02fab2182d30f2b5b.pdf

University of Tehran, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization 2228-7906 52 2 2020 02 20 Image of Zangīds in Ibn al-Athīr"s Al-Tārīkh al-Bāhir: Partiality or Impartiality? Image of Zangīds in Ibn al-Athīr"s Al-Tārīkh al-Bāhir: Partiality or Impartiality? 363 375 75466 10.22059/jhic.2020.286604.654041 FA Maryam Nejadmohamadi PhD student, Department of History & Civilization of Islamic Nations, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Masoumali Panjeh Assistant Professor, Department of History & Civilization of Islamic Nations, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Gْhanbarali Roodgar Assistant Professor of Farhangian University Journal Article 2019 08 28 Al-Tārīkh al-Bāhir fī al-Dawlah al-Atābakīyah written by ibn al-Athīr (d. 630 AH) is one of the distinguished examples of dynastic histories in Islamic historiography. The life, personality, and events of Zangīd Atābaks (Atabegs) at the Syria (Shām) and Upper Mesopotamia (Jazīra) have been reported in this book. In this article, all Ibn al-Athir's reports of Zangid Atābaks were evaluated one by one in order to show whether the image of Zangīds is partial or impartial? According to the results of this study, Ibn al-Athīr's reports of Zangīds" life and actions do not contain manipulation, but they include grandiosity and partiality. Two great Zangīd sultans, Imād al-Dīn and Nūr al-Dīn, as the forerunners of Anti-Crusade, in the face of ideal ruler are pictured in the shape of the Rāshidūn Caliphs. Ibn al-Athīr's report of other Zangīd Emirs has no exaggeration, and it is included their dispraise and weaknesses in addition of praise and goodness. Al-Tārīkh al-Bāhir fī al-Dawlah al-Atābakīyah written by ibn al-Athīr (d. 630 AH) is one of the distinguished examples of dynastic histories in Islamic historiography. The life, personality, and events of Zangīd Atābaks (Atabegs) at the Syria (Shām) and Upper Mesopotamia (Jazīra) have been reported in this book. In this article, all Ibn al-Athir's reports of Zangid Atābaks were evaluated one by one in order to show whether the image of Zangīds is partial or impartial? According to the results of this study, Ibn al-Athīr's reports of Zangīds" life and actions do not contain manipulation, but they include grandiosity and partiality. Two great Zangīd sultans, Imād al-Dīn and Nūr al-Dīn, as the forerunners of Anti-Crusade, in the face of ideal ruler are pictured in the shape of the Rāshidūn Caliphs. Ibn al-Athīr's report of other Zangīd Emirs has no exaggeration, and it is included their dispraise and weaknesses in addition of praise and goodness.

https://jhic.ut.ac.ir/article_75466_fb5b8f67b5c11f414944474f90bf47df.pdf