The Influence of Native Culture on the Formation of Malay Culture and Literature in the Islamic Period: with emphasis on the Archipelago of Indonesia

Document Type : Research/Original/Reqular Article

Authors

1 A member of Academic board, Indian subcontinent, east and southeast Asian studies Department, Islamica Foundation.

2 Associate Professor, Islamic Azad University

Abstract

Using the historical and comparative method, this study deals with the spread of Islam in the Malay world, especially in the Indonesian archipelago, and the influence of native culture on the development of Malay culture and literature. The Malay world before the arrival of Islam was totally influenced by Hindu and Buddhist cultures and religions. The blending of indigenous religions and customs with Indian culture was created special culture and civilization in these areas. With entering Islam, the natives of this region accepted Islam without completely abandoning their beliefs and deeds. Accordingly, a context for the influence of native culture on the development of Islamic culture and literature was provided. Accepting Islam, a number of Hindu monarchies continued to their survival in the Islamic period. Also, the system of education and literature of the pre-Islamic period influenced the Islamic period.

Keywords


ابن‌بطوطه، محمدبن عبدالله، رحلة ابن‌بطوطه، دارصادر، بیروت: 1384ق/1964م.
الجفری، عبدالقادر عبدالله«العربفی اندونیسیا»، مجله الازهر، شماره 33: جمادی الاول 1381/ اکتبر1961م.
فاروقی، عباس، «مرزهای دانش»، مجلّۀ مهر، دورۀ سیزدهم، شماره8: آبان1346ش.
Abimanyu, Soedjipto, Babad Tanah Jawi: Terlengkap dan Terasli, laksana, Jakarta: 2013.
Allerton, Catherine, "Introduction: spiritual landscapes of Southeast Asia": Anthropological forum, 19 (3) : 2009, pp. 235-25.
Amirul Hadi, Islam and State in Sumatra: A Study of Seventeenth-Century Aceh. Brill: Leiden – Boston: 2004.
Arnold, T.W., The Preaching of Islam, The History of The Propagation of A Muslim Faith. Charles Scribner`s Sons.  New York: 1913.
Azra, Azumardi, “Education, Law, Mysticism: Constructing Social Realities”: Islamic civilization in the malay world.byEd. By Mohd. Taib Osman, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur: 1997.
Babad Tanah Jawi: Terlengkap dan Terasli, laksana, Jakarta: 2013.
Bryson, Bill, The Rough Guide to Indonesia, London: 2003.
Denny, F.M., ''pesantren": Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition, V.8, Leiden: 1995.
Drewes, G. W., "New Light on the Coming of Islam to Indonesia": Readings on Islam in Southeast Asia, Compiled by Ahmad Ibrahim, Sharon Siddique, Yasmin Hussain. Singapore: 1990.
Dumarçay, Jacques, “Borobudur”: Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Translated by John N. Miksic. V.1. E.D. Ooi Keat Gin, Santa Barbara, California: 2004.
Eliade, Mircea, Shamanism Archaic Techniques Of Ecstasy, Princeton University Press, USA: 1972.
El-Muhammady, Muhammad Uthman, “The Role of Islamic Places” in The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Religions and Beliefs, V.10, Kuala Lumpur: 2005.
Federspiel, Howard M., Sultans, Shamans, and Saints, Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia, Honolulu, University of Hawai‘i Press: 2007.
Halib, Mohammad and Huxley, Tim, “Introduction” in An Introduction to Southeast Asian Studies. E.D. Mohammad Halib and Tim Huxley, I.B. Tauris pub. New York: 1996.
Hall, D.G.E. , A History of Sout-East Asia, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Macmillan Education, London: 1987.
 
Hamid, Ismail, "Kitab Jawi: Intellectualizing Literary Tradition": Islamic Civilization in the Malay World, Ed. By Mohd. Taib Osman, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur and Istanbul: 1997.
Haris, Tawalinuddin, “Bendera Macan Ali Koleksi Museum Tekstil Jakarta”: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Vol 1, No 1: 2010, P.85-103.
Hardjono, J., Indonesia, Land and People, Gunung Agung, Tokyo: 1970.
Jacobsen, Frode F., Hadrami Arabs in Present-day Indonesia: An Indonesia-oriented group with an Arab signature. USA and Canada: 2009.
Katzner, Kenneth, The Languages of The World, London and New York: 2002.
Krippner, Stanley, "Humanity’s first healers: psychological and psychiatric stances on shamans and shamanism": Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo), supl 1:16-22: 2007.
Manguin, Pierre-Yves, “S´Rivijaya (S´Riwijaya)”: Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor, V.3, ed. Ooi Keat Gin, Santa Barbara, California: 2004.
Marrison, Geoffrey E., "The Coming of Islam to the East Indies": Islam In Southeast Asia, E.D. by Joseph Chinyong Liow and Nadirsyah Hosen, London- New York: 2010.
-------------, "Litrature": An Intoduction to Southeast Asian Studies, ed. by Mohammed Halib and Tim Huxley, London: 1996.
Miksic, John N., "Mataram": Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor, V.3, ed. Ooi Keat Gin, Santa Barbara. California: 2004.
---------------, “Prambanan” in Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor, V.3, ed. Ooi Keat Gin, Santa Barbara, California: 2004.
Munoz, Paul Michel, Early Kingdoms: Indonesian Archipelago &The Malay Peninsula, Editions Didier Millet, Singapore: 2016.
Mutalib,” Introduction”: Islamic Civilization in the Malay World, Ed. By Mohd. Taib Osman, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur and Istanbul: 1997.
Proudfoot, I., "Ta'rikh: In Indonesia and Malaysia": Encyclopedia Of Islam, Second Edition, V.10, Leiden, 2000.
Rahardjo, Supratikno, Perabadan Jawa: dari Mataram Kuno sampai Majapahit akhir, Yayasan Kertagama, Jakarta: 2011.
Ricklefs, M. C., Islamisation and Its Opponents in Java: A Political, Social, Cultural and Religious History, c.1930 to the Present, NUS Press, Singapore: 2012.
-------------, A History of Modern Indonesia since 1200, USA: 2008.
Roff, William R., Studies on Islam and society in Southeast Asia, Singapore: 2009.
Sudiana, Dadan, "Analysis of Macan Ali Symbols of Sultanate Cirebon" in: International Seminar and Conference in Creative Industry Through Creativity toward Global Challenge, 10 – 11 November: 2014.
Sunyoto, Agus, Atlas Wali Songo, Pustaka Iiman dan Lesbumi Pbnu, Indonesia: 2016.
Taib Osman, Mohd., “introduction”: Islamic Civilization in the Malay World. by mohd Taib Osman, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka and The Research Center for islamic History, Art and Culture: kuala lampur and Istanbul: 1997.
Tjandrasasmita, Uka., “Demak”: Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to East Timor, V.1, ed. Ooi Keat Gin, Santa Barbara. California: 2004.
Watson Andaya, Barbara, “Religious Developments in Southeast Asia, c.1500-1800”: The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, V.2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge:1999.
Wessing, Robert, "The Last Tiger in East Java: Symbolic Continuity in cological change":  Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 54, No. 2: 1995, pp. 191-218.
Wink, André, AL-HIND: Tthe making of the indo-islamic world. V.3. Brill, Leiden – Boston: 2004.
Wood, Michael, Official History in Modern Indonesia, Brill, Leiden – Boston: 2005.