نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه تاریخ، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Monif Pasha was one of the prominent intellectuals of the second half of the 19th century, playing a significant role in both the intellectual and political spheres. His character was shaped by the formal and traditional education prevalent in the Ottoman Empire, and his further studies in Germany opened new horizons in the scientific and educational fields. During his stay in Europe, he became acquainted with Western civilization and the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers, leading him to reflect on the comparative conditions of the Ottoman Empire and Europe. Upon his return from Europe, Monif Pasha assumed various responsibilities and missions, engaging with diverse intellectual, cultural, and literary circles. Due to his intellectual stature, he gained a prominent position in the social arena. Iranian intellectuals interacted and conversed with him. Because of his familiarity with Iran and the Persian language, he was twice appointed as the Ottoman ambassador to Tehran. In Tehran, alongside his political activities, he drafted proposals for the reform of the Ottoman Empire. He also authored a short work titled "Treatise on Iran", the translation of which is included in this study. This research explores the formation of Monif Pasha's character and ideas, his relationship with Iranian intellectuals, and his tenure as ambassador in Tehran, examining his political and intellectual life. The study employs a descriptive approach to address these questions. The findings reveal that the ambassadors sent to Iran by the Ottoman government were selected from among the most qualified individuals in the scientific, literary, and political fields. Monif Pasha's character and performance during his political life and ambassadorship in Tehran attest to his competence.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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