نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه نقاشی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه الزهرا(س)، تهران، ایران.
2 کارشناس ارشد نقاشی، دانشکدۀ هنر، دانشگاه الزهرا(س)، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The oldest surviving manuscript of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī al-Rāzī's Ṣuwar al-Kawākib al-Thābitah dates back to 400 AH and is currently preserved in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Other copies of al-Ṣūfī's Ṣuwar al-Kawākib exist from the 9th century AH, which share many similarities with their older counterpart in terms of the design and execution of human figures. In 678 AH, Qazvīnī wrote cosmological essays in his book titled ʿAjā'ib al-Makhlūqāt wa Gharā'ib al-Mawjūdāt (Wonders of Creation and the Peculiarities of Existing Things) , in which the human figures of the fixed constellations are similar to al-Ṣūfī's Ṣuwar al-Kawākib in terms of bodily postures and conventional motifs, but are executed with different styles and techniques than al-Ṣūfī's book. The aim of this research is to identify and explain the constant and variable factors in the design of constellations with human iconography from al-Ṣūfī's book Ṣuwar al-Kawākib as they appear in Qazvīnī’s ʿAjā'ib al-Makhlūqāt. The research questions are as follows: Which human-figured constellations in Qazvīnī's book are similar to al-Ṣūfī's? What visual changes have been made to the human figures in Qazvīnī's book while adhering to astronomical rules and the positions of the stars? This is a fundamental and descriptive-analytical research conducted through a comparative study. The data was obtained by searching library and documentary sources and by observing existing manuscripts. The results show that the human-figured constellations Cepheus, Boötes (ʿAwwā), Hercules (Jāthī), Cassiopeia (Dhāt al-Kursī), Perseus (Bārshāwush), Auriga (Mumsik al-Aʿinnah), Ophiuchus (Ḥawwā), Andromeda (al-Mar'at al-Musalsalah), and Centaurus (half-human, half-animal) in Qazvīnī's book are similar to al-Ṣūfī's. Unlike al-Ṣūfī's book, the constellations in Qazvīnī's are drawn in color, with simple faces and without attention to detail, and with less dynamic, static bodies. Furthermore, their clothing is executed in a completely Arab-Islamic style. Based on the examinations, it appears that the faces and clothing of the human figures in Qazvīnī's book were inspired by Yaḥyā ibn Maḥmūd al-Wāsiṭī's book Maqāmāt al-Ḥarīrī.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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